“双碳"指导方针政策为发达国家带动驱能量概念的庞大集团变更申请，以光伏发电为现象的可可再生资源驱能量迅速是完整发达国家驱能量页面布局提升与“双碳"指导方针政策的庄家军。在这里局面下，拥有会高作用極限（28.2%~28.7%）的隧穿被氧化钝化手机锂电充电（tunnel oxide passivating contacts，TOPCon）是研究重点是，其作用極限是较邻近晶胞硅太阳星能手机锂电充电实际極限作用（29.43%）的晶硅手机锂电充电。

TOPCon手(shou)(shou)机(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)新钝(dun)(dun)化作(zuo)战(zhan)日(ri)能手(shou)(shou)机(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)，于2013-5年在第28届(jie)欧式(shi)PVSEC光(guang)伏太阳能大现(xian)场由华(hua)烨Fraunhofer-ISE专题(ti)研讨所(suo)确立(li)。该手(shou)(shou)机(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)在留存了钝(dun)(dun)化试射(she)极及负面(mian)作(zuo)战(🐲zhan)手(shou)(shou)机(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)的正负面(mian)钝(dun)(dun)化减漫反射(she)膜及银(yin)栅(zha)线页(ye)面(mian)布(bu)置图(tu)的同时首要(yao)上，还没有手(shou)(shou)机(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)背的外表产生了隧(sui)穿脱色(se)层和磷(lin)搀(chan)杂多(duo)晶硅钝(dun)(dun)化作(zuo)战(zhan)页(ye)面(mian)布(bu)置图(tu)，其页(ye)面(mian)布(bu)置图(tu)以內图(tu)表达。                                               

TOPcon动力电池结构表演图

TOPCon蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PID状(zhuang)况凡事指太陽什么(me)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯控件在被施以(yi)较高(gao)电(dian)(dia꧂n)(dian)(dian)(dian)压值(zhi)后,其控件键入(ru)工率会有效衰减。在现实中(zhong)(zhong)正常(chang)运转中(zhong)(zhong),为着服务太陽什么(me)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯控件知(zhi)足(zu)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机负载送电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恳求,通常(chang)许要把一(yi)个控件沿途过程中(zhong)(zhong)串(chuan)连、并(bing)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)体(ti)(ti)例(li)装配成太陽什么(me)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯阵(zhen)列，接下来(lai)图如图所示。在之类(lei)满足(zu)高(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太陽什么(me)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯阵(zhen)列中(zhong)(zhong),单块光伏(fu)系(xi)统控件与空气中(zhong)(zhong)左右(you)随(sui)随(sui)便便引发(fa)较高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势(shi)差。在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势(shi)差、的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)温度(du)和环境(jing)湿度(du)等(deng)身(shen)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)到(dao)到(dao)下,PID状(zhuang)况会造成TOPcon蓄(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯控件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)键入(ru)工率下滑,然(ran)后影(ying)响(xiang)到(dao)到(dao)整体(ti)(ti)太陽什么(me)能(neng)(neng)来(lai)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作体(ti)(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)机可。

串连太阳的光能微型蓄电池表现形式图

TOPcon锂电中常常见的PID机能包函以下的三大生理机制：

泄电型PID(shunting-type PID, PID-s)

PID-s与👍负偏(pian)压下太(tai)阳队能电芯外面的(de)钠(na)亚(ya)铁离子(Na+)漂移所利诱的(de)pn结泄电情(qing)景有关。谈谈Na+的(de)起源是(shi)类比(bi)搞清楚(chu)的(de)，Na+首先要(yao)由来(lai)于钠(na)钙波璃(li)后(hou)盖板。假(jia)设按照参考文献宣传报道(dao)，可观察到(dao)(dao)单晶体硅中(zhong)的(de)堆垛层(ceng)错(cuo)被Na+所自净。以上(shang)图图示，会了解到(dao)(dao)在PID-s前(qian)进(jin)行程(cheng)中(zhong),堆垛层(ceng)错(cuo)从(cong)SiNx/c-Si网(wang)页经途前(qian)进(jin)行程(cheng)pn结延时到(dao)(dao)硅基(ji)体中(zhong)。

氯化钠晶体硅太阳的光能锂电池中的堆垛层错图

(a)亮下面的TEM照片图片，情况单独某个PID-s的堆垛层错，图文并茂情况c-Si中堆垛层错中下部Na的元素的EDX图相

(b) ~ (d)STEM的方式下SiNx/c-Si程序界面处Na、O、N风格的EDX图相

极化型PID(polarization-type PID,PID-p) 

存在PID-p影(ying)像时(shi),日头༒能电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)学激活能上核心表面为不导(dao)通端电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流硬度(Jsc)和串入(ru)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)♉(dian)压(Voc)的(de)衰减。今时(shi)大大多数(shu)都 的(de)概念殊不知PID-p是日头能电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板减反(fan)射强度层(ceng)(ceng)和钝化层(ceng)(ceng)中电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势堆集倒致了极化滞(zhi)后效应绞碎了多晶(jing)体硅本身钝化。

PID-p作用的人生的道理图

溶蚀型PID(corrosion-type PID, PID-c)

PID-c首倘若由介电(dian)(dian)层、通(tong)明导电(dian)(dian)被五金氧化(hua)物(wu)pet薄膜或五金干仗的(de)电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学分析工(gong)业反映(yꦚing)出(chu)而进(jin)行的(de)侵袭调节作(zuo)用。，并按(an)照期刊论文通(tong)讯(xun)稿(gao)，PID-c毁(hui)伤可由扫描仪扫描电(dian)(dian)子(zi)无(wu)线技术光学显微(wei)镜检查到。在高(gao)直流电(dian)(dian)压下資料看起来提(ti)升出(chu)直径(jing)约(yue)约(yue)为2 μm的(de)半圆(yuan)毁(hui)伤，半圆(yuan)弊端阻隔后看起来，以上提(ti)示(shi)。高(gao)分辩率分批电(dian)(dian)子(zi)无(wu)线技术（SE）图(tu)(tu)相(xiang)（图(tu)(tu)b）揭(jie)底了看起来的(de)粗拙度。

(a) 在正反两面给予低压热应力24小、85℃后检查管洞。(b) 调大的顶视图图像，创造了钝化层中所选孔的纳米纤维其他结构。

Fraunhofer CSP（弗劳恩霍夫硅光伏(fu)发电(dian)CSP间）和Freiberg企(qi)业加上讨论走上一种(zhong)检(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)方(fang)法(fa)来侧量電(dian)池和模(mo)块(kuai)电(dian)源(yuan)化构件对PID敏(min)理智主义的(de)(de)(de)检(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)综合(he)测试设(she)(she)备（PIDcon bifacial）。Fraunhofer CSP的(de)(de)(de)民间禁忌家们(men)或(huo)许进行类似检(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(ꦬcha)方(fang)法(fa)检(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)综合(he)测试设(she)(she)备来考察层次性化的(de)(de)(de)档案(an)资料对PID敏(min)理智主义,并(bing)能分离查(cha)检(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出太阳的(de)(de)(de)光能TOPCon電(dian)池中的(de)(de)(de)以上所(suo)述两种(zhong)PID工(gong)作机制(zhi)。

◇  合适IEC 62804-TS规范体例(li)

◇  易(yi)于利用(yo♈ng)的台(tai)式(shi)装(zhuang)备

◇  够丈量c-Si太阳能(neng)电池和微型模块

◇  无需天气(qi)室(shi)

◇  不须要电池层压

◇  丈量速率(lv)：4小时(普通(tong))

◇  可(ke)丈量参数：分♕流电(dian)阻(zu)、功率丧失、电(dian)导率、泄泄电(dian)流、湿度和温度

◇  可用于检测差别范例太阳能电池：TOPCon, HJT, PERC, AL-BSF, PERC+, 双面PERC, PERT, PERL 和ꦐ(he)IBC

◇  基于I💞P的(de)体系许🐽可(ke)在天下任何处(chu)所(suo)停(ting)止(zhi)长途操纵和(he)手(shou)艺撑持